Who Needs to File an Income Tax Return in Japan? Understanding the Requirements

 Preparing an income tax return in Japan can be overwhelming, particularly if you are new to the country and are considered a non-resident in Japan. Knowing who has to file and when is crucial in remaining in compliance and ensuring that penalties are not incurred. 

If you're a full-time resident, part-time employee, or expat, this guide will help you sort out what you need to know in order to file taxes in Japan.

Resident vs. Non-Resident: What’s the Difference and Who Cares?

There are three classifications of taxpayers in Japan: non-residents, non-permanent residents, and permanent residents. The way you earn your money is also heavily impacted by your residency status.

Non-residents (individuals residing in Japan for one year or less) are taxed only on income from sources within Japan.

Nonresidents (people who lived in Japan for less than 5 years) are only taxed on Japanese-source income and the foreign income that is remitted to Japan.

Residents (those living in Japan for five years or less) are taxed only on Japan-source income.

Such classification is particularly significant in the context of Income Tax in Japan for Foreigners, as a number of expats are likely to fit into non-permanent resident status.

When Do You Need To File A Tax Return In Japan?

You have income that comes without withholding Income Tax Return in Japan: freelance income, rental income, and money from foreign countries.

1. You have several streams of income that weren’t quite fully taxed at the source.

2. The total income received by you during the year was more than 20 million yen.

3. You had capital gains, like if you sold real estate or stocks.

4. You’d like to itemize deductions such as medical expenses, donations, or dependents.

5. You are self-employed, either as a self-employed worker or a business owner.

Workers with income that comes from a single employer and whose taxes are automatically withheld generally don’t have to file unless they fall into one of the categories above.

Filing Period and Method

The Japanese tax year is from 1 January to 31 December, and the tax return must be submitted between 16 February and 15 March of the following year. You’re able to file with paper forms or by filing electronically using the e-Tax system.

Final Thoughts

Taxes can be quite complicated to navigate, particularly if you are an expat. This is a rough Guide to Japanese Taxes, as a basic rule. 

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